." In the distance, she hears a waterfall. A similar sense of absence also haunts Finch's powerful elegy, "Upon the Death of Sir William Twisden," where the weeping clouds and rivers of the pastoral elegist are exposed as illusory, fictive transmutations of reality. . It was a dynamic time of upheaval, opportunity, and possibility, and optimism generally bested cynicism in the early years of romanticism. At no point does she feel lonely or hurried because nature in the twilight provides everything her real selfher spiritual selfneeds. Reaching the spot between the operations and tactical stations, she stopped. Women can soothe and rejuvenate each otherunsurprisingly feminine tasks that take on subtly new meaning in the context of a definitively feminine spacebut also, more defiantly, they can discover themselves capable of "Mixing Words, in wise Discourse," of using language with "such Weight and wond'rous Force" that it would "charm," "disarm," and "Chea[r]" one another in a way that seems magically "delightful." This volume contains fifty-three poems by Finch, complete with commentary, introductory material, and scholarly notes. As you read, pick out which words express his pleasure and which ones express his pain and which words express his intense feeling and which his numbed feeling. The authors explore topics such as marriage, roles of women in religion and politics, working women, and the separate society shared only by women. From the analysis of this essay we can find Lamb's characteristic way of expression. . Colonel Finch's nephew encouraged the couple to live on the family estate in Eastwell, where they spent the next twenty-five years. The fact that Wordsworth praised her in terms which suggest that she was primarily a nature poet has led to the inclusion in standard anthologies of her Nocturnal Reverie and Petition for an Absolute Retreat despite the fact that, as Barbara McGovern points out, of the more than 230 poems she wrote only about half a dozen are devoted primarily to descriptions of external nature, and these, with the exception of the two just named, are not among her better poems (p. 78). The ambiguity of "allow'd" conveys the point exactly: that women have been excluded from the ranks of male poets not because they can't produce good work, but because of the "mistaken rules" of men who won't concede women as equal participants in artistic creation ("The Introduction"). . There is a river with large trees hanging their leaves over it, and as it flows, its surface reflects the leaves and the moon. Learn More. In fact, according to the speaker, it is impossible in such a setting for a person to hold onto anger. He writes that, as in other examples of her poetry, here "poetic consciousness is envisaged as an emptiness or lack which seeks to coincide with a peace or plenitude that it attributes to something outside of itself." In Finch's lifetime, she enjoyed a minimal amount of attention and respect for her work. SOURCES It appears in 2003's Anne Finch: Countess of Winchilsea: Selected Poems, edited by Denys Thompson. The pleasures of that world, she feels, are pursued but rarely reached. The poem's title bears the word reverie which is a dream or dream-like state. At the end of the poem, she describes the day as a time of confusion, work, and worry. In terms of form, "A Nocturnal Reverie" is rooted in two venerated, classically inspired traditions of poetry that both the Augustans and the Romantics admiredthe first of which being, as its title suggests, the nocturne. INTRODUCTION In this essay, Bussey explores in more depth the debate about whether Anne Finch's "A Nocturnal Reverie" is Augustan or pre-romantic. She suggests that the darkness sometimes makes people fearful of what they cannot see, but once she recognizes it is only a horse, her fear vanishes. [MK73] "Penury," in line 51 of Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," means extreme poverty; destitution. He comments, "In this temporal arc, Finch mimics the famous evening-to-dawn fantasy of scholarly devotion in John Milton's Il Penseroso (1631), but she focuses more on sensory absorption of the nocturnal world than on the humoral disposition associated with it." NATIONALITY: British The poem opens with the speaker leaning by. Barbara McGovern argues that Finch's most sustained effort at satire, Ardelia's Answer to Ephelia, bears many thematic and technical similarities to Rochester's Letter from Artemesia in the Town to Chloe in the Country, and points out that both poets were Royalists who moved for a time in the same circles. Sleep inertia is the brief period of impaired alertness and performance experienced immediately after waking. Poetry for Students. This loss of faith is consistent with the new understanding of language that emerged in the late seventeenth century. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"CsTeJ9Hg8KKAtMlpOlwcpZklVbhcLp3NKXJdVuKg54c-86400-0"}; FINCH, ANNE, COUNTESS OF WINCHILSEA (1661-1720) Anne Finch was born at Sydmonton near Newbury. NATIONALITY: British Mathew Arnold had come to this beach with his young . In one way, the very lushness of the natural setting and the poetry that describes it acts as a corrective to institutionalized cultural (human, male) rigidities of politics or social grace. Finch's life has been painstakingly researched; her poetrypublished and unpublishedis analysed; and, by reference to the political and historical conditions prevailing during her lifetime, her work is placed in context for the first time. In a field, there are haystacks and a horse grazing. Fresh grass stands strong and upright, suggesting that this poem takes place during spring. Anne Finch was a great English poet from the late 17th century, beginning of the 18th. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The poem's opening phrase is repeated three times over the course of the poem, and originates in William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. A Nocturnal Reverie By Countess of Winchilsea Anne Finch About this Poet Anne Finch, the Countess of Winchilsea, was an English poet and courtier in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Pope's classic An Essay on Criticism was published in 1711. The Colonel courted the young maid until she agreed to marry him in 1684 and leave her position in the court. Like the speaker, the reader experiences the flow and relaxation of the nighttime setting. The authors consider many types of writing, ranging from recipe cards to diaries. THEMES A second possible referent for the poem's "you," however, is not a single auditor at all, but rather the audiencemale readers both specifically (as opposed to women) and in general (in their powerful collectivity). Edmund Gosse is typical in his assessment of her capacity for "seeing nature and describing what she sees" and so of offering "accurate transcripts of country life." She explains that the images "are common to melancholic verse: moonlight, an owl's screech, darkened groves and distant caverns, falling waters, winds, ancient ruins, and shadows that cast an eerie gloom over the entire isolated scene." Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Although repeatedly analyzed in a variety of contexts, it has not been reprinted as often as the other "favorite" poem by Anne: The Nocturnal Reverie. Elliott, Lang, A Guide to Night Sounds: The Nighttime Sounds of Sixty Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, and Insects, Stackpole Books, 2004. The union of "rapture and cool gaiety" in her poetry, its reliance upon colloquial idiom, and its relative looseness of "texture," may imply a similar demystified rejection of transcendent flightsomething which is asserted explicitly through the thematic concerns of "To The Nightingale.". Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Source: Susannah B. Mintz, "Anne Finch's Fair Play," in Midwest Quarterly, Vol. The first line of the poem employs A.an apostrophe. "A Nocturnal Reverie" is strongly associated with Augustan writing in England. Read about the romantic movement in England to find out what the writers were trying to accomplish and what the poetry of the movement was like. By retaining touches of humor and wit, by refusing to purge diction of common usage, her poetry draws attention to the element of rhetoric and representation in poetic language. The nocturne originates from John Milton's epic . Critical Overvi, c. 1789 Many authors during this time used his style, and were inspired by his works. The speaker describes a night in which all harsh winds are far away, and the gentle breeze of Zephyr, Greek god of the west wind, is soothing. 499-513. An edifice is both venerable and resting, and hills have expressions hidden by the night. The Thomas Gray Archive is a collaborative digital archive and research project devoted to the life and work of eighteenth-century poet, letter-writer, and scholar Thomas Gray (1716-1771), author of the acclaimed 'Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' (1751). In addition to love of nature, the romantics exalted imagination and freedom from creative restraints. A Nocturnal Retrospective is a poem of fifty lines that describes a nighttime scene. Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661-1720) wrote A Nocturnal Reverie during an extended period of rural exile in Kent, following the deposition of King James II. Having the English military on his country's side would make all the difference. It begins with the speaker describing the atmosphere and on a metaphorical note goes on to describe the " sunset" and " evening star". Clouds do not randomly float across the sky but act to hide and reveal the mysterious night sky. "A Nocturnal Reverie" is a fifty-line poem describing an inviting nighttime scene and the speaker's disappointment when dawn brings it to an end, forcing her back to the real world. By the time the reader gets to line 39, in which the speaker describes her relaxed spirit surrendering to high-level spiritual thoughts, the reader is already accustomed to an almost stream-of-consciousness feel. Curtis 1 Tyler Curtis Dr. Elmes ENGL 45400 28 September 2020 Poetic Analysis: "A Nocturnal Reverie" The poem "A Nocturnal Reverie" by Anne Finch, written in 1713, lends itself to a child's fairytale world right from the title. There is evidence of Finch's feminist attitudes in this poem because Finch deliberately uses different masculine and feminine words to describe day vs. night. Is to its distant cavern safe confined; And only gentle Zephyr fans his wings, And lonely Philomel, still waking, sings; Or from some tree, famed for the owl's delight, She, hollowing clear, directs the wand'rer right: In such a night, when passing clouds give place, All were under seven years old at the time. John Brown is an interesting anti-war lyric which describes the horrors of war and the ease with which young men find themselves trapped in one. She challenges him to make a "sofa", a . In "The Bird" the speaker's ambivalence is manifested in a doubt which represents the bird as alternatively guardian of the heart and male surrogate, the "false accomplice" of love (line 30). As a result of their persistent Jacobitism they were exiled from court and faced a future of persecution and financial hardship. Poem Summary In these poems, as in "To The Nightingale," poetic consciousness is envisaged as an "emptiness" or "lack" which seeks to coincide with a peace or plenitude that it attributes to something outside of itselfwhether it be the "inferiour World" of domestic animals, a bird, or more specifically, the nightingale. The wind is not merely a lucky turn of the weather, but an act by the Greek god of the west wind himself. Many scholars have argued that the seeds of romanticism are in the Augustan Age. The speaker evokes a strong sense of serenity and escape in "A Nocturnal Reverie." The pastoral mode not only allowed her to write about love and passion in ways which, as a woman, she would not otherwise have been able to do with propriety, it also enabled her publicly to criticize her own age from the standpoint of a moral spokesperson confronting the ills of society. Like the novelists, playwrights, and essayists of the time, Augustan poets observed and commented on the world around them, but often retained a level of detachment. No doubt her nocturnal fox skipped sleeping in the morning to ensure she got the food on time. A convention parliament met to arrange for the lawful transfer of the crown to William and his wife, Mary. 183, August 1995, pp. The poem is a neat and even fifty lines long, composed of twenty-five heroic couplets. 410-12. Description, a poetic strategy that fuses the eye and its object, seems to overlook the skepticism inherent in "Upon the Death of Sir William Twisden" as well as in "To The Nightingale," both of which presuppose a disjunction between subject and object. But at the very same time, such poetic strategies demonstrate the lengths to which she must go to ensure that her work will not be read as "uncorrect" (the "fair" sex may be deemed but "fair," mediocre writers). Barbara McGovern sets out to redress the balance. Barbara McGovern sees this as one of Finch's most important poems, representative in both style and content of a large body of her work. The complaint that opens "The Introduction," for example, is well known for its pithy illustration of the obstacles facing women writers. Encyclopedia.com. //]]>. If a writer can't trust words, how can she trust that an unfriendly audience will accept poetry from a woman? In the following excerpt, Mintz discusses how Finch's nature poems, including "A Nocturnal Reverie," utilize the natural world as a spiritual and political counterbalance to an anti-feminist society. 4.6.2: "A Nocturnal Reverie" In such a night, when every louder wind. To most, the idea of a woman writing serious poetry was still a bit far-fetched. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet who used narrative poems to memorialize people and events in American history, including Paul Revere. Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661-1720), has the distinction of being one of the few women poets whose workssome of them, at leasthave consistently found their way into anthologies. She was buried in Eastwell. By Countess of Winchilsea Anne Finch. Finch herself was afflicted by melancholya disorder much more likely to affect women than men, and thus having gender-discriminatory implicationsfor most of her adult life. Abstract. A better understanding of the neural processes during sleep inertia may offer insight into the awakening process. Analysis: "Ode to a Nightingale" . Although Finch's fifty lines only contain four that refer to the civilized world, they are enough to demonstrate the sharp contrast at the heart of "A Nocturnal Reverie." "A Nocturnal Reverie He constructed all that preliminary tableau of paternal pleasure in order . Posted on February 19, 2021 by JL Admin. the " coppice gate" at the " dregs" of the winter day. Out of this came a view of the individual as very important, along with a deep appreciation for art and nature. But Finch lacks More's faith in the superiority of a divinely inspired human art to nature: while the muse of "To The Nightingale" may inspire, she is finally powerless. Taking the pseudonym "Ardelia," she wrote poetry about her husband, whom she loved and honored. The Lutz family move into a new house right before Christmas. The horse's slow pace across the field seems sneaky and his large shadow frightening, until the sound of his eating grass sets the speaker at ease. After her mother was remarried to Sir Thomas Ogle in 1662, the couple had a daughter named Dorothy who was a close sister and lifelong friend to Finch. They tacitly acknowledged her demystifying rejection of transcendent flight in their praise of her as an earth-bound "nature" poet. Because there is not a large body of work by Finch that explores romantic themes, it seems unlikely that she was working out a new philosophy in "A Nocturnal Reverie.". Because of her early position in the court and her husband's political career, Finch retained an interest in the throne, religion, and the politics of the day. Or pleasures, seldom reached, again pursued." The majority of this poem contains detailed descriptions of a nighttime scene. 1, January 1945, pp. The author used lexical repetitions to emphasize a significant image; to is repeated. A Nocturnal Reverie By Anne Finch Anne Kingsmill Finch is significant because she was one of the earliest published women poets in England. As the poem draws to a close, the speaker longs to stay in the nighttime world of nature until morning comes and forces her back into her world of confusion. "A Nocturnal Reverie" also boasts highly technical construction. It is a time for renewed toil and activity. Like a good Augustan poet, she offers it only as an observation of her own life, leaving it to the reader to personalize it to himself or his community. a nocturnal reverie analysis line by line. The speaker is saddened that dawn is coming and she must return to the harsh reality of the world and the day. Neither mark predominates. Biblical allusions, or references, appear in her work, as do metaphysical tendencies in imagery and verse that combines the spiritual and the logical. He continued to work in government affairs, and they first lived in Westminster before moving to London when Colonel Finch became increasingly involved with work duties upon the accession of King James II in 1685. The natural world is the 'inferior world', even when the poet's soul 'thinks it like her own' - a joyful delusion, but a delusion nonetheless. Reuben A. Brower notes in Studies in Philology, "In the eighteenth century the poetry of religious meditation and moral reflection merged with the poetry of natural description in a composite type," which includes Finch's "A Nocturnal Reverie. By a kind of downward transformation, its shifting octosyllabic couplets, the medium of the "middle" style, only succeed in drawing attention to the close relation between poetic language and discursive prose. Though the speaker asks in the first instance for a partner "suited to my Mind" (106), the heterosexual bond is described primarily in terms of a pre-lapsarian fantasy of the "Love" and "Passion" (120) of "but two" (112) whose union is undisturbed by "Bus'ness," "Wars," or "Domestick Cares" (114-15). It also propels the poem forward; as there are no hard breaks brought on by periods, other punctuation such as colons, commas, and semicolons instead serve to show the reader how one thought or image leads to the next. "The Introduction" " A Letter to Some consider the poem to be a precursor to the romantic movement. although we may read a document wordby-word or line- -by-line, we need to adjust our focus when processing the text for purposes of conducting qualitative data analysis so we concentrate on meaningful, undivided entities or wholes as our units of analysis. The first four opening lines of the poem sets. The speaker has left her ordinary life behind in favor of exploring the inviting and relaxing nighttime landscape. It is significant, then, that the express longing to inhabit a domain unfettered by the accouterments and affectations of culture is dressed in so foliate a poetry, whose stanzas are thick with allusion and detailand, more to our purposes, that the poem repeatedly returns to, and turns on, the phrasing and imagery of "those Windings, and that Shade," the line that closes each of the seven substantial stanzas. Of course, in making observations, writers did exert a certain amount of influence, and this was especially seen through the satire that so characterized much Augustan writing. ." But others see in the poem glimpses of one of the most influential literary movements to comeromanticism. Instead, Finch initially at least wants to universalize the opposition radically, by stripping it of the customary attributes of gender, by elevating the poet, muse, and nightingale to ideal categories. "A Nocturnal Reverie" by Anne Kingsmill Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661 - 1720) From Winchilsea, Anne (Kingsmill) Finch, Countess of. Such ambiguity in temporally locating Finch seems doubly apt: it accounts for the stylistic, tonal, and structural complexity of her work, but also, in a less direct way, suggests that she has followed her own advice, writing poems "through those Windings, and that Shade.". It brings a glint of laughter on faces and tears in our eyes. James II was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685-88. The word "nocturnal" suggests either that the reverie takes place by night or that it is simply about night without necessarily happening at night. In fact, many romantics considered nature to be among their wisest teachers. Augustan literature paid homage to the Roman Augustan Age, in which language was exalted and treated carefully. She also met Colonel Heneage Finch, a soldier and courtier appointed as Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York. Not only did he stand firmly on his Catholicism and his staunch view of the divine right of kings, he also lacked diplomacy. There is only one figure in the poem, which places emphasis on an individual and the value of that individual's experience and imagination. Clouds pass gently overhead, at times allowing the sky to shine through to the speaker. The activities in . What is at work, I think, is Finch's understanding that her own call for "an Absolute Retreat" leaves in place a problematic set of binary oppositions (male/female, culture/nature, reason/emotion, ornamentation/purity, and so on) without defying the epistemology on which such ideologies rest. After all, as she rests on the riverbank, she describes thinking about things that are hard to put into words, and she admits the experience of being in that setting is spiritual. An analysis of the A Nocturnal Reverie poem by Anne Kingsmill Finch including schema, poetic form, metre, stanzas and plenty more comprehensive statistics. The speaker repeatedly longs to relieve herself of the trappings of a stylized femininity, and to realign "inside" with "outside" in a new form of poetic, philosophical, psychical wholeness: she asks for "plain, and wholesome Fare" (33); for clothes "light, and fresh as May" (65), and "Habit cheap and new" (67); for "No Perfumes [to] have there a Part, / Borrow'd from the Chymists Art" (72-73); and when she "must be fine," she will "In natural Coulours shine" (96-97). The end of the poem, however, reveals the comment the poet makes about the struggles of daily life in civilization. The speaker contemplates the relaxation and contentment of the setting, which is free of strong and piercing light. But Finch goes further than this, arguing instead for a woman writer to symbolically divest herself of dependence upon the apparel of male-centered literary standards (to make herself "plain") and then to redress herself by following a symbolically "Winding" course that separates her from the domain of men and conducts her to a self-determined place that cannot be seen from without. DIED: 1687, Beaconsfield, England In short, how can, and should, a woman write? Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, was born in April 1661 to Anne Haselwood and Sir William Kingsmill. When James assigned handpicked judges to the King's Bench, or high court of common law, he began to make real headway; he was able to appoint staunch Catholics to various government posts, along with positions in the military and academia. Her early poetry reflects on the days she spent in court and how much she enjoys those memories; her later poetry reveals a mature understanding of the gravity of the politics surrounding the throne, and the seriousness of taking a stand for one's loyalties. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The Introduction. Wordsworth admired her poetry: his comments in the Essay Supplementary to the Preface of the Lyrical Ballads (1815) on the new image[s] of external nature in her Nocturnal Reverie are well known, he included sixteen of her poems in a collection of women's poetry compiled for Lady Mary Lowther in 1819, and, in a letter to Alexander Dyce of May 1830, described her style as often admirable, chaste, tender and vigorous. He deems it "remarkable," noting the poem's wandering in content and continuous subordinate clause. ." of the mansion, whose nocturnal ambiance seems so amenable for very strange dreams Muse is a lyrical and titillating ride through reverie and nostalgia, drawn by comics superstar Terry Dodson (Marvel's "Uncanny X-Men," DC's "Harley Quinn"). 3, Summer 2005, pp. A modern edition of her work was published in 1903, and various poems appear in major anthologies and studies of women's writing. Poet who used narrative poems to memorialize people and events in American history, including Paul Revere of confusion work! Exploring the inviting and relaxing nighttime landscape poem opens with the new of! X27 ; s characteristic way of expression Overvi, c. 1789 many authors during this time used his style and... Play, '' she wrote poetry about her husband, whom she and! The young maid until she agreed to marry him in 1684 and leave her position in twilight! 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a nocturnal reverie analysis line by line
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