[5] In 2011, the Civil War Preservation Trust was renamed the Civil War Trust, which in 2018 became a division of the American Battlefield Trust. Only Champion's Hill, the biggest battle of the campaign, saw more Union losses. Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants first objective after crossing the Mississippi. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of Ohio Civil War Central can earn from qualifying purchases. A single brigade of reinforcements from Vicksburg under Brig. View the original source document: WHI 90836, Location: Port Gibson, Mississippi (Google Map), Campaign: Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March-July 1863). #2 Port Gibson Battlefield National Register of Historic Places Updated: 2020-05-09 The Port Gibson Battlefield is the site near Port Gibson, Mississippi where the 1863 Battle of Port Gibson was fought during the American Civil War. "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War. Windsor survived the war, becoming a prominent landmark along the Mississippi River. Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Mine Run - Conf. Grant understood the nature of the explosion and rode to Grand Gulf with a small escort, enjoying his first bath in weeks, and celebrating the capture of what would become his central supply depot as he moved inland. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. This was the first battle for the 29th Wisconsin Infantry, which fought for more than an hour against the Confederates. The Confederate victory proved inconsequential, however. Many of the bullets buried themselves in the wagon-load of furniture. Leading up to the Battle of Port Gibson in the spring of 1863, confederate troops used the roof observatory as a lookout as Grant's army crossed the Mississippi River. As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Grant also ordered Colonel Benjamin Garrison to stage a daring cavalry raid through central Mississippi, which forced Confederate Commander of the Army of Mississippi, John C. Pemberton, to divert troops away from Vicksburg. Port Gibson | May 1, 1863 (June 2020) American Battlefield Trust Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's first objective after crossing the Mississippi. The Battle of Port Gibson on May 1, 1863 was a pivotal event of the Civil War in Mississippi which featured the largest amphibious operation of the United States army prior to June 6, 1944. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered and around 10:00 a.m. his line collapsed. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: "We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. The 11th, 23rd, and 29th Wisconsin Infantry regiments and the 1st and 6th Wisconsin Light Artillery batteries participated in the assault on Port Gibson. Almost by mutual consent the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m. and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. May 1, 1863 The Federal landing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30, 1863, and the ensuing victory at the Battle of Port Gibson the next day, cemented a Union presence in western Mississippi that led to the eventual downfall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. Part of the battle was fought on the Bruinsburg Road at Point Lookout. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. A portion of the troops turned left following the road past Windsor, but the bulk turned right, coming to Bethel Church, and turning east here. As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowen's force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grant's landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Soon after, Tracy was killed by a snipers bullet. On March 29, 1863, he put part of his army to work constructing bridges, draining bayous and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. Copyright20062023,Somerightsreserved. A few miles to the south, McClernands Corps traveled along Rodney Road. The Confederate right did not last long. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. [4], The surviving Shaifer plantation house is now owned by the state. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised the majority of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. Gen. Edward Tracy, who anchored the Confederate right flank roughly a mile and half to the northwest. Gen. Martin E. Green's Brigade and took up a position astride the Rodney road just southwest of Port Gibson near Magnolia Church. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. By late 1861, President Abraham Lincoln was pressuring Union commanders in the west to invade the South. The artillery wagons rattle forward and the heavy tramp of many men gives a dull but impressive sound. The road over which the blue soldiers now marched led to the Shaifer House. MOVING INLAND: BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON The first day ashore, Grant pushed McClernand two miles inland to high, dry ground and on toward the town of Port Gibson, where a bridge across Big Bayou Pierre led to Grand Gulf (which Grant coveted as a supply base on the Mississippi). Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Map (db m105841) HM The ragtag army that had fought so well at Port Gibson would not rest until they had entered the Warrenton fortifications nearly ten miles away. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. [Wikimedia Commons]. Johnstons removal prevented him from uniting his forces with Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg. Records 53-97. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The bluff upon which the city sits made it nearly impossible to assault from the river. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Brig. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the . The Confederates there were commanded by Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen, who had moved a division forward from Grand Gulf to confront Grant's XVII Corps under Maj. General James B. McPherson and XIII Corps under Maj. General John A. McClernand. It was a Union victory that sent Confederates in retreat, giving Grant a firm foothold in Mississippi south of Vicksburg. Bowen lost 787 soldiers (60 killed, 340 wounded, and 387 missing). The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. Windsor Battlefield Tour. In June, the Union tightened its grip on the Mississippi, when federal forces captured the river city of Memphis, Tennessee. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). Gen. Edward Tracy, who anchored the Confederate right flank roughly a mile and half to the northwest. Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, the commander of Confederate troops in and around Vicksburg, had roughly 30,000 soldiers at his disposal. Join us July 13-16! This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. When spring arrived, he set a new plan into motion. Farragut made two attempts to do so in May and June 1862, but both excursions failed. The absence of any Confederate cavalry would have a major impact on the campaign. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Join us July 13-16! After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. At dawn, the Federals . Five-and-one-half hours of shelling by Porters squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River. Official Records. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. . After the battle the mansion was used as a Union hospital and observation post, thus sparing it from being burned by Union troops. Port Gibson: Featured Resources Civil War | Video Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Article 10 Facts: The Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Biography James B. McPherson Port Hudson West Gulf Blockading Squad. Battle of Port Gibson: May 1 Upon landing his troops in Mississippi, Union General Grant meets Confederate resistance and the first shots of the Vicksburg Campaign are f Grant's Army Pushes Inland: May 2-11 Grant marches inland to strike the railroad and cut off Vicksurg and Confederate General Pemberton. The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. Under threat of being surrounded, Bowen was also forced to evacuate the formidable Fort Cobun at Grand Gulf, yielding control of the area to Grant's Army of the Tennessee. It is an original segment of the Natchez Trace.. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. . If you would like to know more, please contact us. . Battle of Vicksburg Map. On the night of April 16, seven gunboats and three supply ships under the command of Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter ran the gauntlet of Confederate batteries along the river. Gen. John Bowen clashed with elements of two Union corps commanded by Maj. Gen. U.S. Grant. Begin or dive deeper into researching your family tree, Learn about the spaces, places, & unique story of your community, The largest North American Heritage collection after the Library of Congress. Port Hudson Union Official Records. Vicksburg, Mississippi, was one of only two places remaining in Confederate hands. Battle of Port Gibson Grants March Marker, Former U.S. Presidents: #18 Ulysses S. Grant, Alcorn Agricultural And Mechanical College. Nothing seemed to work. Manage Settings Known as The Gibraltar of the Confederacy, the city seemed to be impregnable. Gen. Edward D. Tracy arrived later and was posted across the Bruinsburg Road two miles north of Green's position. Battle of Port Gibson - Grant's March Marker. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Reinforced by Brig. [Source: Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields (Washington, 1993); Estabrook, C. Records and Sketches of Military Organizations (Madison, 1914); Love, W. Wisconsin in the War of the Rebellion (Madison, 1866)], Sign up for the Wisconsin Historical Society Newsletter, 1996-2023 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706, Port Gibson, Battle of | Wisconsin Historical Society, Read About the Experiences of Wisconsin Troops. The Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 644 acres (2.61km2) of the Port Gibson battlefield. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. Tracy dispatched infantry and artillery to Greens assistance minutes before cannons began to pound his own line, signaling the advance of a new Union column under Brig. At dawn the battle was renewed in fury as Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand threw most of his XIII Corps toward Greens thin gray line. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, establishing Federal control of both waterways. Because the city was perched atop a heavily fortified bluff, they decided to cross the Mississippi downstream from it and circle around from the rear. According to data recorded on the Widow's Creek U.S.G.S. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Old Natchez Trace (132-3T), located northeast of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, about 0.7 miles north of the Mangum Mound Site at milepost 45.7. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton chose to keep most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. Finding an unguarded landing at Bruinsburg, south of Grand Gulf, the Union launched the largest amphibious landing conducted by the U. S. Army until the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944. . As an Amazon Associate, the owner of AHC can earn from qualifying purchases. 601.437.5911. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. Confederate units, outnumbered more than 3-to-1, made a fierce but vain defense of the town throughout the day. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. Empower curiosity about the people, places, and stories of our past. On May 2, Grant quickly maneuvered Bowen out of position by sending McPherson to cross the Bayou Pierre at a ford several miles upstream. Heavy rear-guard activity took place as the Confederates scrambled to remove their force across the narrow bridge. With the aid of Admiral Porters gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernands 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. The battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing out of 23,000 men engaged. Farragut made two attempts to do so in May and June 1862, but both excursions failed. quadrangle map, only one small, intensive level survey was performed within the battlefield area. Consider donating to their mission to preserve battlefields like Port Gibson for future generat. Vicksburg sits on a high bluff on the eastern side of the Mississippi River, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. Successive Union attacks buckled the Confederate lines. The site of the Battle of Port Gibson lies approximately four miles west of the historic town of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi. The Federal landing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30, 1863, and the ensuing victory at the Battle of Port Gibson the next day, cemented a Union presence in western Mississippi that led to the eventual downfall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. The federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg on the Mississippi side. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grant's beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. Brig. The Federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg, on the Mississippi side. Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History, NearBruinsburg in Claiborne County, Mississippi , 1. Shortly after midnight on May 1, advanced elements of the 14th Division under Brig. The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering. After two desperate Rebel counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. April 30, 1863 Federals March toward Port Gibson As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. The Battle of Georgia Landing or Battle of Labadieville (October 27, 1862) was fought between a Union Army force led by Brigadier General Godfrey Weitzel and a Confederate States Army force commanded by Brigadier General Alfred Mouton near Labadieville, Assumption Parish, Louisiana, during the American Civil War.After a sharp clash, the Union troops compelled Mouton's outnumbered force to retreat. [6], The battlefield area is about 4 miles (6.4km) west of Port Gibson. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the help of his naval forces. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the . Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton kept most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. Join us July 13-16! The road to his rear now threatened, Bowen commenced retreating through Port Gibson to the north shore of Bayou Pierre. For the first time after seven attempts General Grant was able to establish a beachhead on dry soil on the same side of the Mississippi River as his foe. On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. To divert attention from his main operations, Grant ordered Sherman to feign an attack against Confederate forces stationed at Snyder's Bluff, upriver from Vicksburg, from April 29 through May 1. Port Gibson NYT May 15, 1863. Grant, however, would have other plans; the roads on the west bank of the Big Black River were open all the way to the Mississippi state capital and the critical rail link to Vicksburg. 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