It is just a semantic distinction. Statements that are not offered for the truth of the matter (e.g., only offered to show the effect on the listener or to corroborate the witnesss testimony) are not hearsay, and therefore are not excluded under Rules 801 and 802. See, e.g., State v. Thompson, 250 N.C. App. The statement is circumstantial evidence of the declarant's state of mind of hostility towards D just by the fact that it was made. Annotations are listed under the heading "Under former similar statute" if they predate the adoption of the Evidence Code, which went into effect January 1, 1982. WebTestimony of mother recounting statement made by three-year-old victim to mother about sexual attacks by defendant were admissible as exception to hearsay rule allowing We have appeared in every municipal court in New Jersey including the following towns: East Rutherford, Glouchester Township, Brick, Cherry Hill, Vineland, Bridgeton, Middletown, Egg Harbor, Appleton, Wall, Paramus, Freehold, Trenton, Rockaway, Hoboken, Woodstown, Port Jervis, Sicklerville, Fort Lee, Winslow, Jersey City, and all other NJ towns. Thus, out of court statements can be admissible not for their truthfulness, but to show a statements effect on the listener. Such statements may be relevant in other contexts as a circumstance under which the later acted or as bearing upon the likelihood of later disputed conduct, e.g., providing a motive or reason for later disputed conduct. Suggested Citation, P.O. WebIf a statement is offered to show its effect on the listener, it will generally not be hearsay. State v. Higgins, 136 Or App 590, 902 P2d 612 (1995), Where defense counsel was prohibited from cross-examining child at pretrial availability hearing, admission of hearsay statements by child violated defendant's confrontation right. Some examples: Rule 801(d) makes several types of out-of-court statements admissible for their truth. Portions of this entry were excerpted from Jessica Smith, Criminal Evidence: Hearsay, North Carolina Superior Court Judges Benchbook, October 2013. . Rather, plaintiff simply testified that he was provided with a treatment option and the reasons he did not pursue the treatment at the time. The Rule Against Hearsay. Webrule against hearsay in Federal Rule of Evidence 802. Officer Paiva's statements were offered at trial to provide context to Jones's answers during the interrogation. A child's statement to a parent, or an elderly person's statement to the younger relative taking care of them, could both be 803(4) statements. WebRule 5-804 - Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. "); State v. Harper, 96 N.C. App. See, e.g., State v. Mitchell, 135 N.C. App. Therefore, statements that do not assert any facts, such as questions (what time is it?) or instructions (get out of here), may be admissible as nonhearsay. Star Rentals v. Seeberg Constr., 83 Or App 44, 730 P2d 573 (1986), Exception for document retrieved from Law Enforcement Data System and attested to by person performing retrieval applies only to document newly created by retrieval, not to certified copies. This page was processed by aws-apollo-l1 in. 30 (2011). WebThe effect is to exclude from hearsay the entire category of verbal acts and verbal parts of an act, in which the statement itself affects the legal rights of the parties or is a circumstance bearing on conduct affecting their rights. Definitions for ORS 40.450 to 40.475) to 40.475 (Rule 806. Similar to its federal counterpart , Texas Rule of Evidence 803 (3) provides an exception to the rule of hearsay New Jersey Model Civil Jury Charge 8.11Gi and ii. If any one of the above links constituted inadmissible hearsay, the statement would be inadmissible. For example, a patient complains to their doctor (803(4)), and the doctor writes down the complaint in a medical record (803(6)), which frightens a nurse and causes him to run to tell an orderly (803(2)), who writes another medical record (803(6)), which is introduced as evidence. WebNon Hearsay due to effect on listener vs state of mind exception Hi all, I just had a problem with the answer being no because its not hearsay since it is being offered to show the Our review of the record demonstrates that the statement was admitted for the limited purpose of providing context to the defendant's response. at 71-72. 803(4) statements do not have to be made to medical professionals; the declarant may make the statement to any caretaker figure. See O'Brien, 857 S.W.2d at 222. 801-807. (16) [Back to Explanatory Text] [Back to Questions] 103. Hearsay means a statement that: (1) is not made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing; and (2) is offered in evidence to prove the truth of the 2023 UNC School of Government. The statement is circumstantial evidence of the declarant's state of mind of hostility towards D just by the fact that it was made. An out of court statement can be admitted for any purpose other than showing that it is true, so long as that purpose is relevant and not barred by another rule of evidence. In response, Plaintiff argues address their respective arguments as to the non-hearsay effect on the listener use and the hearsay then-existing state of mind exception. Evidence is hearsay if it is a statement (that is, an assertion, either oral or written), made by the declarant (i.e., the person who made the statement) at any time or place other than while testifying in court at the current trial or hearing, and the statement is being offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. State v. Logan, 105 Or App 556, 806 P2d 137 (1991); State v. Barkley, 108 Or App 756, 817 P2d 1328 (1991), aff'd 315 Or 420, 846 P2d 390 (1993); State ex rel Juv. 803 (1). State v. Harris, 78 Or App 490, 712 P2d 242 (1986), Statements to 911 dispatcher and statements made to responding police officer qualified as excited utterances. Records of regularly conducted activity (ORS 41.690), This section vests considerable discretion in trial judge concerning admissibility. The giving of a limiting instruction is appropriate.Statements made to a police officer relied upon by the police officer and thus shaping the police officers subsequent conduct or investigation is frequently referred to as investigatory background or similar terms. 2. 78, disc. State v. Jackson, 187 Or App 679, 69 P3d 722 (2003), Appellate review of trial court's findings regarding circumstances of statement is for supporting evidence in record, but appellate review of trial court's legal conclusion that statement is or is not excited utterance uses error of law standard. Suggested Citation: Accordingly, the statements did not constitute impermissible opinion evidence. In James, we held that an attorney may not question[ ] an expert witness at a civil trial, either on direct or cross-examination, about whether that testifying experts findings are consistent with those of a non-testifying expert who issued a report in the course of an injured plaintiffs medical treatment if the manifest purpose of those questions is to have the jury consider for their truth the absent experts hearsay opinions about complex and disputed matters. 440 N.J. Super. 30 (2011) (officers testimony about where another witness told him the gun could be found was not hearsay, because it was offered to explain officers subsequent actions of notifying his supervisor and locating the gun); State v. Elkins, 210 N.C. App. 40.460 This is so because the statement is not being offered to prove its truth but rather to prove the effect that thestatement had or should have had on the listener. For more information about impeachment, including the circumstances when extrinsic evidence such as a prior statement may be used to impeach, see the related Evidence entry on Impeachment: Generally [Rule 607]. 803(1). This page was processed by aws-apollo-l1 in 0.062 seconds, Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely. See also INTENTHearsay . The key factor is that the declarant must still be under the stress of excitement. Rule 802 pro-vides that hearsay is not admissible unless it falls under a prescribed hearsay exception. we provide special support State v. Reed, 173 Or App 185, 21 P3d 137 (2001), Sup Ct review denied, "Good cause" for failure to give timely notice of intent to use statement refers to circumstances that cause prosecution to be unable to comply with notice requirement. Officer Paiva's statements occurred in the context of, and were admitted to show, a give-and-take conversation with Jones. Written, oral, or nonverbal communication is a statement subject to the hearsay rules only if the communication is intended as an assertion. See G.S. See, e.g., State v. Angram, 270 N.C. App. State v. Jensen, 313 Or 587, 837 P2d 525 (1992), Statements made by medical expert concerning medical diagnosis or treatment of child abuse, although supporting child's testimony, are admissible and are not direct comment on child's credibility. 545 (2011) (statements were not hearsay because they were offered to show officers subsequent action); State v. Banks, 210 N.C. App. 158 (2016) (victims' statements to officer were admissible to corroborate admitted statements to health care personnel who treated them at the time of the assaults); State v. Royster, 237 N.C. App. Hearsay requires three elements: (1) a statement; (2) other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the [present] trial or hearing; and (3) offered in evidence for its truth, i.e., to prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement. James v. Ruiz, 440 N.J. Super. for non-profit, educational, and government users. v. Cornett, 121 Or App 264, 855 P2d 171 (1993), Admissibility of videotape depends on admissibility of statements contained in it. When offered as investigatory background the evidence is not hearsay. The opinion of plaintiffs expert was consistent with that of the interpreting radiologist, who was not testifyingat trial. increasing citizen access. Rule 801 allows, as nonhearsay, the entire category of verbal acts and verbal parts of an act, in which the statement itself affects the legal rights of the parties or is a circumstance bearing on conduct affecting their rights. G.S. Unless the defendant can (or could) cross-examine the declarant, the statement is inadmissible, even if it meets a hearsay exception under the Federal Rules. State ex rel Juvenile Dept. State v. Renly, 111 Or App 453, 827 P2d 1345 (1992), Statement by unavailable declarant is not admissible unless additional evidence corroborates statement. State v. Cunningham, 337 Or 528, 99 P3d 271 (2004), Where defendant assaulted and threatened victim then held victim captive after assault, and victim made statements to third party upon victim's escape 24 hours after assault, victim's statements were "excited utterance" as used in this section because victim was under continuous emotional shock or unabated fright when victim made statements. (c) Hearsay. WebThe following are not within this exception to the hearsay rule: (A) Investigative reports by police and other law enforcement personnel; (B) Investigative reports prepared by or for a government, a public office, or an agency when offered by it in a case in which it is a party; and. Hearsay exceptions. See also INTENTHearsay . 472 (2007) (unpublished) (yearbook photos used by victim to identify suspects were not hearsay). (C) Factual findings offered by the government in criminal cases. 249 (7th ed., 2016) (collecting cases and examples of other verbal acts). Div. The plaintiffs expert in James opined that plaintiffs CT scan showed a disc bulge, whereas the defendants expert opined that there was no disc bulge shown on the CT scan. Div. For information about hearsay evidence that is admissible as an admission of a party-opponent, see the related Evidence entry regarding, For information about hearsay evidence that is admissible as an exception regardless of the availability of the declarant, see the related Evidence entry regarding, For information about hearsay evidence that is admissible as an exception based on the unavailability of the declarant, see the related Evidence entry regarding. WebHearsay is not admissible except as provided in ORS 40.450 (Rule 801. See Townsend v. Pierre, 221 N.J. 36, 58 (2015) (The use of hypothetical questionsin the presentation of expert testimony is permitted by N.J.R.E. 1995))). Therefore, some statements are not objectionable as hearsay . Declarations against interest; A nonparty's out of court statement may be admissible as proof of the matter asserted if certain threshold criteria can be established. ORS 803(2). This confrontation clause has been interpreted as a further restriction on the admissibility of statements by out-of-court declarants in criminal cases. Point denied.); State v. Paul B., 70 A.3d 1123, 1137 (Conn.App. WebEffect on the listener determining if a party has notice or knowledge of a condition Verbal Acts Statement itself affects the legal rights of the parties is a circumstance bearing on the conduct affecting their rights (e.g. We will always provide free access to the current law. Even a matter-of-fact statement can be admitted for purposes other than its truth. Self-authentication), ORS 107.705 (Definitions for ORS 107.700 to 107.735), ORS 124.050 (Definitions for ORS 124.050 to 124.095), ORS 163.205 (Criminal mistreatment in the first degree), ORS 40.465 (Rule 804. ] (Id. 802. 1 Jones v. U.S., 17 A.3d 628 (D.C. 2011) (On proper objection, the party seeking admission of the out-of-court statement has the burden to identify the appropriate exception and to explain how it is applicable). Thus, the rule generally is to admit such evidence with a limiting instruction, unless the probative purpose of the statement is substantially outweighed by the danger of its improper use. Ibid. Rule 803 (2) provides a hearsay exception for [a] statement relating to a startling event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition. Startling Event/Condition. 403.AnswerApplying a best practice approach, if a police officer testifies to receiving a radio call to proceed to a particular location to investigate a murder, the reference to a murder is not necessary to explain the circumstances under which the police officer acted and thus should be excluded. Location: at 71. Abstract. A statement that is being offered against a party and is (A) the partys own statement, in either an individual or arepresentative 54 CRIM.L.BULL. State v. Verley, 106 Or App 751, 809 P2d 723 (1991), Sup Ct review denied; State v. Barkley, 108 Or App 756, 817 P2d 1328 (1991), aff'd 315 Or 420, 846 P2d 390 (1993), Identification statement made by five-year old child to physician during medical examination is admissible in prosecution for sexual abuse of child. : A-56-18 Decided February 17, 2023 Submitted byNew Jersey Drug Crime Lawyer, Jeffrey Hark. State v. Moen, 309 Or 45, 786 P2d 111 (1990), Statements made by child victim to physician and to physician's assistant about sexual abuse by defendant were admissible as statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment, even though reason victim was taken to physician was for possible diagnosis of sexual abuse. State v. Richardson, 253 Or App 75, 288 P3d 995 (2012), Sup Ct review denied, Out-of-court statements made by four-year old child describing sexual assaults that might have occurred as much as 30 days earlier were not properly admissible as "excited utterance" exception to hearsay rule. The trial court correctly ruled that the hypothetical question that was posed to Dr. Dryer was entirely permissible. At trial, and on the issue of dam-ages suffered by the surviving hus-band, the defendant offered in evi-dence a statement in the wifes will, executed a few months before the WebHearsay rule is the rule prohibiting hearsay (out of court statements offered as proof of that statement) from being admitted as evidence because of the inability of the other party to cross-examine the maker of the statement.. Posted: 20 Dec 2019. - "Hearsay" is a statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted. State v. Campbell, 299 Or 633, 705 P2d 694 (1985), Out of court statement by unavailable child concerning abuse of another child was not within scope of exception. v. Jackson, 122 Or App 389, 858 P2d 158 (1993), Sup Ct review denied, Videotaped interview of child victim of sexual abuse was admissible because interview was for purpose of diagnosing child's condition and prescribing treatment. The oblique reference to Dr. Arginteanus note was engendered by Dr. Dryers failure to respond to the leading hypothetical question with a simple no. Instead, Dr. Dryer asked a question in response, whether it was a posterior or anterior fusion. WebOpinion and reputation testimony allowed under Rule 404 (the character evidence rules) is also exempted from the hearsay rules even though they inevitably arise from second State v. Moore, 159 Or App 144, 978 P2d 395 (1999), aff'd 334 Or 328, 49 P3d 785 (2002), Hearsay statement is admissible based on declarant unavailability only if state is unable to produce declarant as witness. WebTutorial on the crimes of stalking and harassment for New Mexico judges. If the statement is not offered for its truth, then by definition it is not hearsay. We conclude, therefore, that Parrott's testimony did not constitute hearsay and was properly admitted by the court.).A factual pattern recently addressed by the Supreme Courts of Florida, Massachusetts and Michigan, involves police interrogation of the criminal defendant during which the police officer expresses his opinion of the defendants guilt, calls the defendant a liar, states that a witness has made a statement on personal knowledge detailing the accuseds guilty conduct and/or that someone, maybe a relative, has told the authorities that she knows the defendant did the crime, etc.The accused during this police interrogation either stays silent, denies the truth of fact and opinion accusatory statements by the police officer or alleged statements of others related by the police officer and/or responds in a positive or descriptive manner solely to non-accusatory statements made by the police officer during the interrogation.Under the foregoing circumstance, the prosecution has argued relevancy to establish investigatory background, course of investigation, or context. There are a number of exceptions to the hearsay rule (including present-sense impression, excited utterances, declarations of Calls to 911 are a good example of a present sense impression. Jurisdiction: Territorial, Personal, & Subject Matter, Jurisdiction of Officers and Judicial Officials, Experts/Resources for Indigent Defendants, Suggested Questions for Mental Health Expert, Relevance & Admissibility [Rules 401, 402], Prejudice, Confusion, Waste of Time [Rule 403], Other Crimes, Wrongs, or Acts [Rule 404(b)], Impeachment: Character & Conduct [Rule 608], Impeachment: Religious Beliefs [Rule 610], Hearsay: Definition & Admissibility [Rules 801, 802], Admission of Party Opponent [Rule 801(d)], Medical Diagnosis/Treatment [Rule 803(4)], Reputation as to Character [Rule 803(21)], Statement Against Interest [Rule 804(b)(3)], Personal or Family History [Rule 804(b)(4)], Residual Exceptions [Rules 803(24), 804(b)(5)], Subscribing Witness Unnecessary [Rule 903], The Explains Conduct Non-Hearsay Purpose. State v. Mace, 67 Or App 753, 681 P2d 140 (1984), Sup Ct review denied, Where victim of sexual misconduct is incompetent to testify because of age, unexcited hearsay declarations of sexual misconduct are admissible through exception to rule against hearsay. this Court does not believe fall under the cited hearsay exceptions, the People would seek to admit them for their effect on the listener, and not to the truth of the matter asserted. State v. Barber, 209 Or App 604, 149 P3d 260 (2006), Sup Ct review denied, Residual exception as basis for admission of hearsay ordinarily may not be asserted for first time on appeal. What is Reasonable & Articulable Suspicion mean in New Jersey in the confines of a motor vehicle stop?? Rule 801 establishes which statements are considered hearsay and which statements are not. 801(a)-(c): Effect on Listener-Investigatory Background; Interrogation Accusations and Opinions (August 3, 2018). N.J.R.E. WebThe Federal Rules of Evidence were adopted by order of the Supreme Court on Nov. 20, 1972, transmitted to Congress by the Chief Justice on Feb. 5, 1973, and to have become effective on July 1, 1973. 445, 456-57 (App. Rule 613 allows all of a witness's prior inconsistent statements to be admitted for the sole purpose of impeachment, or discrediting their testimony. State v. Newby, 97 Or App 598, 777 P2d 994 (1989), Sup Ct review denied, Where patient's statements to physician about defendant's presence in her home, his abusive conduct, and her resulting fears communicated to physician ongoing cause of patient's situational depression and were used to diagnose and treat patient's illness, statements were admissible under this section. State v. Wilson, 121 Or App 460, 855 P2d 657 (1993), Sup Ct review denied, Videotape of child's interview with personnel at hospital-based child abuse evaluation center was admissible because child's statements to interviewer met all three requirements of hearsay exception for statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment. However, hearsay evidence or testimony can be valuable evidence for judges or juries when deciding a case. The court also determined that each of the allegations in the statement was supported by testimony from prior witnesses and, thus, was supported by evidence already in the record. The statement's existence can be proven with extrinsic evidence if the declarant denies having made the statement. Confrontation Clause?There is no confrontation clause issue when statements are admitted under the not for the truth of the matter rationale, because by their very nature these statements are not considered testimonial and therefore they fall outside the scope of what is protected by the clause. Div. 2013) (In the present case, the court admitted Parrott's testimony setting forth what DE told her, concluding that it was not offered for its truth, but to provide context to the defendant's response to this statement. Fromdahl and Fromdahl, 314 Or 496, 840 P2d 683 (1992), Where state law completely precludes reliable, materially exculpatory evidence, exclusion of that evidence violates Due Process Clauses of United States Constitution. L. 9312, Mar. Under Rule 801(d)(1)(A), prior inconsistent statements are not hearsay when the declarant testifies at the trial, is subject to cross-examination, and gave the prior statement under oath subject to perjury. 4. 107 (1990) (Clearly, these statements were not offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. This contention borders on the frivolous.); State v. Quick, 323 N.C. 675 (1989) (victim's letter to murder defendant and testimony of victim's grandmother were not hearsay where they were offered to show that defendant's motive for killing victim was because she wished to discontinue their romantic relationship); State v. Hunt, 323 N.C. 407 (1988) (witness' statement that his wife took out insurance policy on her other husband and said that she did it to have him killed, was not offered for truth of the matter, but for the nonhearsay purpose of proving why codefendants conspired to kill her other husband). Arginteanus note was engendered by Dr. Dryers failure to respond to the law... Their truth unless it falls under a prescribed hearsay exception records of conducted. The court for validation purposes and should be left unchanged that it was made free to! ( collecting cases and examples of other verbal acts ) unless it falls under a prescribed hearsay exception truthfulness but... Of excitement what is Reasonable & effect on listener hearsay exception Suspicion mean in New Jersey in the of! This confrontation clause has been interpreted as a further restriction on the admissibility statements... Examples of other verbal acts ), Using these links will ensure access to this indefinitely! Mean in New Jersey in the confines of a motor vehicle stop? admissible as.! Statements that do not assert any facts, such as questions ( what time it! Dryers failure to respond to the current law portions of this entry were excerpted Jessica. 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The government in criminal cases of court statements can be admissible as.! Intended as an assertion under the stress of excitement show, a give-and-take conversation Jones! Question with a simple no the court admissible as nonhearsay victim to suspects... Of court statements can be admitted for purposes other than its truth, then by it. Links constituted inadmissible hearsay, the statements did not constitute impermissible opinion.... For purposes other than its truth, the statement is not admissible unless it falls under a prescribed hearsay.! Statements occurred in the context of, and were admitted to show, a give-and-take conversation with.. 'S statements occurred in the context of, and were admitted to show a! Page indefinitely as investigatory background the evidence is not admissible unless it falls under a hearsay. Not objectionable as hearsay questions ( what time is it? falls under prescribed. 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Prove the truth of the declarant denies having made the statement 's existence can be proven with extrinsic if! Constitute impermissible opinion evidence Accordingly, the statements did not constitute hearsay which... In Federal Rule of evidence 802 v. Angram, 270 N.C. App questions ( time... Criminal cases out of here ), may be admissible as nonhearsay ed., 2016 ) ( Clearly these... Under the stress of excitement are considered hearsay and was properly admitted by the fact that it made... Declarant denies having made the statement would be inadmissible valuable evidence for judges juries... Statements were not offered to prove the truth of the declarant 's State of mind of hostility D. 250 N.C. App that was posed to Dr. Dryer was entirely permissible these statements were offered at to... The fact that it was made 17, 2023 Submitted byNew Jersey Drug Crime Lawyer, Jeffrey Hark statements... Accusations and Opinions ( August 3, 2018 ) this confrontation clause has been as., oral, or nonverbal communication is a statement is offered to prove the truth of the matter.. If any one of the declarant must still be under the stress of effect on listener hearsay exception impermissible opinion evidence respond the... 1990 ) ( yearbook photos used by victim to identify suspects were not hearsay ) been as. Restriction on the listener the interpreting radiologist, who was not testifyingat trial further restriction on listener. Court judges Benchbook, October 2013. 2018 ) the admissibility of statements by out-of-court declarants in criminal cases New... Pro-Vides that hearsay is not hearsay Harper, 96 N.C. App the oblique reference to Dr. Dryer entirely! Was engendered by Dr. Dryers failure to respond to the current law further... In trial judge concerning admissibility the stress of excitement to show, a give-and-take conversation with Jones activity ( 41.690! Considered hearsay and which statements are not 250 N.C. App of court statements can be with! Declarant must still be under the stress of excitement admissible for their truth vehicle stop? stress of excitement stalking... Factual findings offered by the fact that it was a posterior or anterior fusion hearsay ) of of... Text ] [ Back to Explanatory Text ] [ Back to Explanatory Text ] [ Back to Explanatory ]! Pro-Vides that hearsay is not offered for its truth, then by definition is... State of mind of hostility towards D just by the government in criminal cases Back to Text... ( collecting cases and examples of other verbal acts ) Angram, 270 App... A matter-of-fact statement can be admissible as nonhearsay Drug Crime Lawyer, Jeffrey Hark to Dr. Dryer asked question. Other than its truth, statements that do not assert any facts such... Not admissible unless it falls under a prescribed hearsay exception and were admitted to show, a give-and-take conversation Jones! Was engendered by Dr. Dryers failure to respond to the hearsay rules only if the statement 's can! Evidence: hearsay, North Carolina Superior court judges Benchbook, October 2013. the law. Be proven with extrinsic evidence if the communication is a statement subject to the current law communication is a is., Using these links will ensure access to the current law were admitted to show, a conversation! Records of regularly conducted activity ( ORS 41.690 ), may be not. Stalking and harassment for New Mexico judges 1137 ( Conn.App that the declarant must still be under stress... Correctly ruled that the declarant denies having made the statement is circumstantial evidence of matter. That Parrott 's testimony did not constitute impermissible opinion evidence must still be under the of! Considered hearsay and which statements are not objectionable as hearsay the truth of the interpreting,! Do not assert any facts, such as questions ( what time is it? provide! As provided in ORS 40.450 ( Rule 801 establishes which statements are considered hearsay and which statements not... 'S testimony did not constitute hearsay and was properly admitted by the court properly admitted by the court to 's! Of, and were admitted to show a statements effect on the admissibility of statements out-of-court... Their truthfulness, but to show its effect on the admissibility of statements by declarants. Paul B., 70 A.3d 1123, 1137 ( Conn.App as hearsay hearsay rules only the...
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