[198] After the season, the Dodgers traded Robinson to the arch-rival New York Giants for Dick Littlefield and $35,000 cash (equal to $348,843 today). "[189] The 1952 season was the last year Robinson was an everyday starter at second base. [299] The tribute was continued in 2008, when, during games on April 15, all members of the Mets, Cardinals, Washington Nationals, and Tampa Bay Rays wore Robinson's number 42. During the last game of the regular season, in the 13th inning, he had a hit to tie the game and then hit a home run in the 14th inning, which proved to be the winning margin. [192][193] Robinson also openly criticized segregated hotels and restaurants that served the Dodger organization; a number of these establishments integrated as a result, including the five-star Chase Park Hotel in St. [24][38], After graduating from PJC in spring 1939,[39] Robinson enrolled at UCLA, where he became the school's first athlete to win varsity letters in four sports: baseball, basketball, football, and track. [209] Robinson has been referred to by author David Falkner as "the father of modern base-stealing".[210]. [233], In October 1959, Robinson entered the Greenville Municipal Airport's whites-only waiting room. [48] In 2002, Molefi Kete Asante included Robinson on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. After his father abandoned the family in 1920, they moved. [28] On the football team, he played quarterback and safety. The Yankees' Mariano Rivera, who retired at the end of the 2013 season,[294][295] was the last player in Major League Baseball to wear jersey number 42 on a regular basis. [200], Robinson protested against the major leagues' ongoing lack of minority managers and central office personnel, and he turned down an invitation to appear in an old-timers' game at Yankee Stadium in 1969. [25], In 1936, Robinson won the junior boys singles championship in the annual Pacific Coast Negro Tennis Tournament and earned a place on the Pomona annual baseball tournament all-star team, which included future Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Bob Lemon. [170] Ultimately, the Dodgers won the National League pennant, but lost in five games to the New York Yankees in the 1949 World Series. "I do not care if half the league strikes. [213][214] Toward the end of his career, he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield, excelling at both. ", "Larry Doby Remembers Being Introduced To", "Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball? [232] Although Robinson adopted an insulin injection regimen, the state of medicine at the time could not prevent the continued deterioration of Robinson's physical condition from the disease. [162] He did, however, record a career-high on-base percentage of .436. Robinson named Lee "Jeep" Handley, who played for the Phillies at the time, as the first opposing player to wish him well. [127] Robinson proceeded to lead the International League that season with a .349 batting average and .985 fielding percentage,[23] and he was named the league's Most Valuable Player. [179] Rickey shortly thereafter became general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Also Known As. The people were so welcoming and saw Jack as a player and as a man. [239][240] In 1972, he served as a part-time commentator on Montreal Expos telecasts. [141] Regardless, the report led to Robinson receiving increased support from the sports media. [244] Robinson also chaired the NAACP's million-dollar Freedom Fund Drive in 1957, and served on the organization's board until 1967. [264] He enlisted in the Army in search of a disciplined environment, served in the Vietnam War, and was wounded in action on November 19, 1965. [138] Some Dodger players insinuated they would sit out rather than play alongside Robinson. Jackie Robinson was the youngest of five children, born in 1919 in Cairo, Georgia. [85] He also appeared in the 1945 EastWest All-Star Game, going hitless in five at-bats. After it was published, National League President Ford Frick and Baseball Commissioner Happy Chandler let it be known that any striking players would be suspended. [259][260], After Robinson's retirement from baseball, his wife Rachel Robinson pursued a career in academic nursing. [289][290], Major League Baseball has honored Robinson many times since his death. He died at the age of 53 on Oct. 24, 1972. [293] This affected players such as the Mets' Butch Huskey and Boston's Mo Vaughn. [64][80] Robinson accepted a contract for $400 per month. The best was Josh Gibson. [164], Racial pressure on Robinson eased in 1948 when a number of other black players entered the major leagues. Afterward, Robinson played variously at first, second, and third bases, shortstop, and in the outfield, with Jim Gilliam, another black player, taking over everyday second base duties. Karl Downs. [135] Although he failed to get a base hit, he walked and scored a run in the Dodgers' 53 victory. Along with the museum, scholarships will be awarded to "young people who live by and embody Jackie's ideals. [52][110][111], In 1946, Robinson arrived at Daytona Beach, Florida, for spring training with the Montreal Royals of the Class AAA International League. He was the first black man to openly play in the major leagues since the 1880s. [275] Robinson's daughter, Sharon, became a midwife, educator, director of educational programming for MLB, and the author of two books about her father. [195] Robinson, then 36 years old,[196] missed 49 games and did not play in Game 7 of the World Series. Here's how you can watch him play", "Jackie Robinson: Gone but not forgotten", "The No. Jesse Simms, the grandson of Jackie Robinson, is carrying on his family's legacy through Minor League Baseball. Clay Hopper, the manager of the Royals, asked Rickey to assign Robinson to any other Dodger affiliate, but Rickey refused. [4] Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.[5]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. retired number Baseball Hall of Fame (1962) Most Valuable Player (1949) six-time All-Star Baseball Hall of Fame (inducted in 1962) Rookie of the Year Award 1x . [167] The tutelage helped Robinson raise his batting average from .296 in 1948 to .342 in 1949. Jackie Robinson, byname of Jack Roosevelt Robinson, (born January 31, 1919, Cairo, Georgia, U.S.died October 24, 1972, Stamford, Connecticut), the first Black baseball player to play in the American major leagues during the 20th century. [51] He took a job as an assistant athletic director with the government's National Youth Administration (NYA) in Atascadero, California. "[307][308][309] The museum opened in 2023. Jackie Robinson was inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame in 1962. [175] The project had been previously delayed when the film's producers refused to accede to demands of two Hollywood studios that the movie include scenes of Robinson being tutored in baseball by a white man. [58] As a result, the applications of Robinson and his colleagues were delayed for several months. On January 25, 1938, he was arrested after vocally disputing the detention of a black friend by police. [46], In track and field, Robinson won the 1940 NCAA championship in the long jump at 24ft 10+14in (7.58m). [104] He was not necessarily the best player in the Negro leagues,[105] and black talents Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson were upset when Robinson was selected first. [168][169], That year, a song about Robinson by Buddy Johnson, "Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball? [273], After Robinson's death, his widow founded the Jackie Robinson Foundation, and she remains an officer as of 2021. [84] In all, Robinson played 47 games at shortstop for the Monarchs, hitting .387 with five home runs, and registering 13 stolen bases. [216] Other portrayals include: Robinson was also the subject of a 2016 PBS documentary, Jackie Robinson, which was directed by Ken Burns and features Jamie Foxx doing voice-over as Robinson. [243] After the party nominated Goldwater instead, Robinson left the party's convention commenting that he now had "a better understanding of how it must have felt to be a Jew in Hitler's Germany". There was also Jackie the boy, grandson of slaves, hauled cross-country as a toddler from a life of sharecropping to the promise of Pasadena by a determined single mother, a Great Migration. [190], In 1953, Robinson had 109 runs, a .329 batting average, and 17 steals,[162] leading the Dodgers to another National League pennant (and another World Series loss to the Yankees, this time in six games). In a letter read during the ceremony, Rachel Robinson, Jackie's widow, wrote: "I remember Montreal and that house very well and have always had warm feeling for that great city. [336][337][338][339] In a move paralleling that of MLB when it retired the number, UCLA allowed three athletes (in women's soccer, softball, and football) who were already wearing 42 to continue to do so for the remainder of their UCLA careers. [19] As a result, Robinson joined a neighborhood gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it. [162][204][207] Robinson was one of only two players during the span of 194756 to accumulate at least 125 steals while registering a slugging percentage over .425 (Minnie Mioso was the other). It was a painful search, derailed by racist brokers and neighbors who were afraid that selling to an African-American family even to Mr. and Mrs. Jackie Robinson would cause lower property values, block busting, or worse. [274] On April 15, 2008, she announced that in 2010 the foundation would open a museum devoted to Jackie in Lower Manhattan. [243][246], Robinson was active in politics throughout his post-baseball life. [266] On June 17, 1971, he was killed in an automobile accident at age 24. "[93][95] Rickey replied that he needed a Negro player "with guts enough not to fight back. He had 175 hits (scoring 125 runs) including 31 doubles, 5 triples, and 12 home runs, driving in 48 runs for the year. The price was the highest ever paid for a post-World War II jersey.[340]. Although Sandel induced Robinson to ground out at his first at bat, Robinson ended up with four hits in his five trips to the plate; his first hit was a three-run home run in the game's third inning. Born on January 31 51 Deceased on October 24 41 Baseball 44 Family tree Report an error Robinson Willis 1842 - 1870 Robinson Violet 1840 - Love Henry 1848 - Henderson Clara 1845 - 1920 McGriff Jacob 1805 - McGriff Rutha 1810 - Sims Henry 1845 - 1921 Pullens Lucy 1834 - 1904 Robinson Tony 1862 - 1932 Henderson Florence 1864 - 1951 McGriff Washington [176] The New York Times wrote that Robinson, "doing that rare thing of playing himself in the picture's leading role, displays a calm assurance and composure that might be envied by many a Hollywood star. [52], In 1942, Robinson was drafted and assigned to a segregated Army cavalry unit at Fort Riley (in Kansas). Robinson died at age 85 at a hospital in Pasadena on March 12, 2000. That year, he served as editor for Our Sports magazine, a periodical focusing on Negro sports issues; contributions to the magazine included an article on golf course segregation by Robinson's old friend Joe Louis. Jackie Robinson was born January 31, 1919 as Jackie Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson. Sharon (born in 1950) had a successful . "[107], Rickey's offer allowed Robinson to leave behind the Monarchs and their grueling bus rides, and he went home to Pasadena. [29] As at Muir High School, most of Jackie's teammates were white. Airport police asked Robinson to leave, but he refused. Dodgers sportscaster Vin Scully later noted that the incident showed "how much of a competitor Robinson was. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. [163] His salary that year was the highest any Dodger had been paid to that point: $35,000[172] ($394,198 in 2021 dollars[173]). All will be suspended and I don't care if it wrecks the National League for five years. [333] The house, at 8232 avenue de Gasp near Jarry Park, was Robinson's residence when he played for the Montreal Royals during 1946. After Jack's philandering father abandoned the family, his mother. [320][321] A number of facilities at Pasadena City College (successor to PJC) are named in Robinson's honor, including Robinson Field, a football/soccer/track facility named jointly for Robinson and his brother Mack. [166], In the spring of 1949, Robinson turned to Hall of Famer George Sisler, working as an advisor to the Dodgers, for batting help. [237] In 2009, all of MLB's uniformed personnel (including players) wore number 42 on April 15; this tradition has continued every year since on that date. He died of heart attack at the age of 53, and his funeral was attended by thousands of people. [79], In early 1945, while Robinson was at Sam Huston College, the Kansas City Monarchs sent him a written offer to play professional baseball in the Negro leagues. [335] The only sport this did not affect was men's basketball, which had previously retired the number for Walt Hazzard (although Kevin Love was actually the last player in that sport to wear 42, with Hazzard's blessing). Overcoming his dejection, Robinson dutifully observed Thomson's feet to ensure he touched all the bases. Mets owner Fred Wilpon announced that the Metsin conjunction with Citigroup and the Jackie Robinson Foundationwill created the Jackie Robinson Museum and Learning Center, located at the headquarters of the Jackie Robinson Foundation at One Hudson Square, along Canal Street in lower Manhattan. With Eddie Stanky entrenched at second base for the Dodgers, Robinson played his initial major league season as a first baseman. [267][268] The experience with his son's drug addiction turned Robinson Sr. into an avid anti-drug crusader toward the end of his life. He was not allowed to stay with his white teammates at the team hotel, and instead lodged at the home of Joe and Dufferin Harris, a politically active African American couple who introduced the Robinsons to civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune. [77][78] Although his teams were outmatched by opponents, Robinson was respected as a disciplinarian coach,[64] and drew the admiration of, among others, Langston University basketball player Marques Haynes, a future member of the Harlem Globetrotters. Jackie Robinson broke the MLB color barrier with the Dodgers on April 15, 1947 in the National League. He identified himself as a political independent,[247][248] although he held conservative opinions on several issues, including the Vietnam War (he once wrote to Martin Luther King Jr. to defend the Johnson Administration's military policy). "[186] He finished the season with 106 runs scored, a batting average of .335, and 25 stolen bases. Because of his off-season activities, Robinson reported to training camp 30 pounds (14kg) overweight. [141], Robinson nonetheless became the target of rough physical play by opponents (particularly the Cardinals). [35] Robinson received a two-year suspended sentence, but the incidentalong with other rumored run-ins between Robinson and policegave Robinson a reputation for combativeness in the face of racial antagonism. The Jackie Robinson Parkway was named in honor of the color-barrier-busting Brooklyn Dodgers baseball legend, who died in 1972, 10 years after his Hall of Fame induction. [332], In 2011, the U.S. placed a plaque at Robinson's Montreal home to honor the ending of segregation in baseball. The following January, approximately 1,000 people marched on New Year's Day to the airport,[234][235] which was desegregated shortly thereafter. [109] On February 10, 1946, Robinson and Isum were married by their old friend, the Rev. [298], As an exception to the retired-number policy, MLB began honoring Robinson by allowing players to wear number 42 on April 15, Jackie Robinson Day, which is an annual observance that started in 2004. [162] Robinson's interests began to shift toward the prospect of managing a major league team. Jack Roosevelt Robinson. He was the youngest of five children born to Mallie (McGriff) and Jerry Robinson, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew (nicknamed "Mack"), and Willa Mae. [243] He also served as the bank's first chairman of the board. Jerry Robinson deserted the family six months after Jackie was born. At Sisler's suggestion, Robinson spent hours at a batting tee, learning to hit the ball to right field. Since 1997, only Wayne Gretzky's number 99, retired by the NHL in 2000, and Bill Russell's number 6, retired by the NBA in 2022, have been retired league-wide in any of the four major sports. [64] As it was a fledgling program, few students tried out for the basketball team, and Robinson even resorted to inserting himself into the lineup for exhibition games. [316] On August 20, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife, Maria Shriver, announced that Robinson was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts in Sacramento. Washington, Strode, and Robinson made up three of the team's four backfield players. This is the United States of America and one citizen has as much right to play as another. Jackie Jr. (born in 1946) fought in the army, but got into drugs when he returned. [131][137] However, racial tension existed in the Dodger clubhouse. Jackie Jr Robinson- Jackie's oldest son, served in the Vietnam War, and played baseball like his father Sharon Robinson- Jackiest second child, and only daughter, wrote books supporting African rights David Robinson- Jackie's youngest son, was also into baseball as a child They had three children, Jackie Jr., Sharon, and David Robinson. [243][253] In 1968 he broke with the Republican party and supported Hubert Humphrey against Nixon in that year's presidential election. [52][53][54], After the government ceased NYA operations, Robinson traveled to Honolulu in the fall of 1941 to play football for the semi-professional, racially integrated Honolulu Bears. In the end, Montreal was the perfect place for him to get his start. Historical statistical analysis indicates Robinson was an outstanding fielder throughout his ten years in the major leagues and at virtually every position he played. 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