), conventional long form: United Mexican Statesconventional short form: Mexicolocal long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanoslocal short form: Mexicoformer: Mexican Republic, Mexican Empireetymology: named after the capital city, whose name stems from the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain, name: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)geographic coordinates: 19 26 N, 99 08 Wtime difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in Octobertime zone note: Mexico has four time zonesetymology: named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain, 32 states (estados, singular - estado); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Cuidad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas, 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain), history: several previous; latest approved 5 February 1917amendments: proposed by the Congress of the Union; passage requires approval by at least two thirds of the members present and approval by a majority of the state legislatures; amended many times, last in 2020, civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: not specifiedresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, 18 years of age; universal and compulsory, chief of state: President Andrs Manuel LPEZ OBRADOR (since 1 December 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Andrs Manuel LPEZ OBRADOR (since 1 December 2018)cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; note - appointment of attorney general, the head of the Bank of Mexico, and senior treasury officials require consent of the Senateelections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)election results: 2018: Andrs Manuel LPEZ OBRADOR elected president; percent of vote - Andrs Manuel LPEZ OBRADOR (MORENA) 53.2%, Ricardo ANAYA Corts (PAN) 22.3%, Jos Antonio MEADE Kuribrea (PRI) 16.4%, Jaime RODRGUEZ Caldern 5.2% (independent), other 2.9%2012: Enrique PEA NIETO elected president; percent of vote - Enrique PEA NIETO (PRI) 38.2%, Andrs Manuel LPEZ OBRADOR (PRD) 31.6%, Josefina Eugenia VZQUEZ Mota (PAN) 25.4%, other 4.8%, description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Unin consists of:Senate or Cmara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 32 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms)Chamber of Deputies or Cmara de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 200 directly elected in a single, nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 1 July 2018 (next to be held in July 2024)Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 June 2021 (next to be held in July 2024)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 58, PAN 22, PRI 14, PRD 9, MC 7, PT 7, PES 5, PVEM 5, PNA/PANAL 1; composition (as of July 2018) - men 65, women 63, percent of women 49.2%Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MORENA 197, PAN 111, PRI 69, PVEM 44, PT 38, MC 25, PRD 16; composition - men 250, women 250, percent of women 50%; note - overall percent of women in National Congress 49.8%note: as of the 2018 election, senators will be eligible for a second term and deputies up to 4 consecutive terms, highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacin (consists of the chief justice and 11 justices and organized into civil, criminal, administrative, and labor panels) and the Electoral Tribunal of the Federal Judiciary (organized into the superior court, with 7 judges including the court president, and 5 regional courts, each with 3 judges)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president of the republic and approved by two-thirds vote of the members present in the Senate; justices serve 15-year terms; Electoral Tribunal superior and regional court judges nominated by the Supreme Court and elected by two-thirds vote of members present in the Senate; superior court president elected from among its members to hold office for a 4-year term; other judges of the superior and regional courts serve staggered, 9-year termssubordinate courts: federal level includes circuit, collegiate, and unitary courts; state and district level courtsnote: in April 2021, the Mexican congress passed a judicial reform which changed 7 articles of the constitution and preceded a new Organic Law on the Judicial Branch of the Federation, Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) or MC [Clemente CASTAEDA Hoeflich]Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) or PRI [Claudia RUIZ Massieu]Labor Party (Partido del Trabajo) or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutirrez]Mexican Green Ecological Party (Partido Verde Ecologista de Mxico) or PVEM [Karen CASTREJN Trujillo]Movement for National Regeneration (Movimiento Regeneracin Nacional) or MORENA [Mario DELGADO Carillo]National Action Party (Partido Accin Nacional) or PAN [Antonio CORTS Mendoza]Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucin Democrtica) or PRD [Jess ZAMBRANO Grijalva]This Is For Mexico (Va Por Mxico) (alliance that includes PAN, PRI, and PRD)Together We Make History (Juntos Hacemos Historia) (alliance that included MORENA, PT, PVEM) (dissolved 23 December 2020), APEC, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CE (observer), CELAC, CSN (observer), EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-3, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAFTA, NAM (observer), NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Esteban MOCTEZUMA Barragn (since 20 April 2021)chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006telephone: [1] (202) 728-1600FAX: [1] (202) 728-1698email address and website: mexembussa@sre.gob.mxhttps://embamex.sre.gob.mx/eua/index.php/en/consulate(s) general: Atlanta (GA), Austin (TX), Boston (MA), Chicago (IL), Dallas (TX), Denver (GA), El Paso (TX), Houston (TX), Laredo (TX), Miami (FL), New York (NY), Nogales (AZ), Phoenix (AZ), Raleigh (NC), Sacramento (CA), San Antonio (TX), San Diego (CA), San Francisco (CA), San Jose (CA), San Juan (Puerto Rico)consulate(s): Albuquerque (NM), Boise (ID), Brownsville (TX), Calexico (CA), Del Rio (TX), Detroit (MI), Douglas (AZ), Eagle Pass (TX), Fresno (CA), Indianapolis (IN), Kansas City (MO), Las Vegas (NV), Little Rock (AR), Los Angeles (CA), McAllen (TX), Milwaukee (WI), New Orleans (LA), Omaha (NE), Orlando (FL), Oxnard (CA), Philadelphia (PA), Portland (OR), Presidio (TX), Salt Lake City (UT), San Bernardino (CA), Santa Ana (CA), Seattle (WA), St. Paul (MN), Tucson (AZ), Yuma (AZ), chief of mission: Ambassador Ken SALAZAR (since 14 September 2021)embassy: Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtmoc, 06500 Mexico, CDMXmailing address: 8700 Mexico City Place, Washington DC 20521-8700telephone: (011) [52]-55-5080-2000FAX: (011) 52-55-5080-2005email address and website: ACSMexicoCity@state.govhttps://mx.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Ciudad Jurez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Matamoros, Mrida, Monterrey, Nogales, Nuevo Laredo, Tijuana, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band; green signifies hope, joy, and love; white represents peace and honesty; red stands for hardiness, bravery, strength, and valor; the coat of arms is derived from a legend that the wandering Aztec people were to settle at a location where they would see an eagle on a cactus eating a snake; the city they founded, Tenochtitlan, is now Mexico Citynote: similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter, uses lighter shades of green and red, and does not display anything in its white band, golden eagle; national colors: green, white, red, name: "Himno Nacional Mexicano" (National Anthem of Mexico)lyrics/music: Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA/Jaime Nuno ROCAnote: adopted 1943, in use since 1854; also known as "Mexicanos, al grito de Guerra" (Mexicans, to the War Cry); according to tradition, Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA, an accomplished poet, was uninterested in submitting lyrics to a national anthem contest; his fiancee locked him in a room and refused to release him until the lyrics were completed, total World Heritage Sites: 35 (27 cultural, 6 natural, 2 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Mexico City (c); Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl (c); Teotihuacan (c); Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino (n); Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (n); Tehuacn-Cuicatln Valley (m); Historic Puebla (c); El Tajin (c); Historic Tlacotalpan (c); Historic Oaxaca and Monte Albn (c); Palenque (c); Chichen-Itza (c); Uxmal (c), one of the worlds largest economies; USMCA buttresses its manufacturing sector; has underperformed growth targets for three decades; COVID-19 disrupted export-based economy; corruption and cartel-based violence undermine economic stability, $2.418 trillion (2021 est. Five Reasons Youll Love To Play Big on Cricket, The Super Seven Of Baseball: 7 Legends Of The Game, 5 Reasons Why Basketball Is The Best Sport, BENEFITS OF MICRO GREEN SALAD WITH HERBAL EXTRACTS, MANAGING APPETITE WITH MITRAGYNA SPECIOSA, How to Make Decisions and Manage Incidents when it Comes to, What Is Military Medical Malpractice, And Why Do You Need A, 5 Indian Government websites sucks big time, 6 Interesting facts about college elections. The Sonoran Desert extends onto the peninsula along the northern end of the gulf. )exports: 5.954 billion kWh (2020 est. It is one of the poorest areas of Mexico. )$2.309 trillion (2020 est. . Tesla Inc. will build a new plant in Monterrey, Mexico, the nation's president announced, ending weeks of speculation over where the electric-car maker would choose to operate in the country. The Bengali brother state is also in that bizarre that India is depriving them in the development. Sometimes the most remote or hostile beliefs and feelings are found together in one city or one soul, or are superimposed like [pre-Columbian] pyramids that almost always conceal others. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Mxico, United Mexican States, Director, Hispanic Foundation, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1952 71. Countries in the least well known group were rated by 251-341 respondents. Religious values, cultural differences, political affiliations, and conflicting economic goals all play a role in how countries view each other. Zapata was the son of a mestizo peasant who trained and sold horses. ), 22.281 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.420 million Guadalajara, 5.117 million Monterrey, 3.345 million Puebla, 2.626 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.260 million Tijuana (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.09 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.91 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2022 est. It is a part of the circum-Pacific Ring of Firea region of active volcanism and frequent seismic activity. ), total petroleum production: 1,905,500 bbl/day (2021 est. ), general assessment: with a large population and relatively low broadband and mobile penetration, (86 lines for mobile broadband for every 100 habitants in June 2021) Mexicos telecom sector has potential for growth; adequate telephone service for business and government; improving quality and increasing mobile cellular availability, with mobile subscribers far outnumbering fixed-line subscribers (24.6 million fixed line subscribers and 125 million mobile line subscribers in June 2021); relatively low broadband and mobile penetration, potential for growth and international investment; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable; 5G development slow in part due to high costs (2021)domestic: fixed-line teledensity exceeds 65 lines per every 100 households; mobile-cellular teledensity is about 99 per 100 persons; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations (2021)international: country code - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Spain, and Italy; the ARCOS-1 and the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central America, parts of South America and the Caribbean, and the U.S.; Pan-American Crossing (PAC) submarine cable system provides access to Panama, California, U.S., and Costa Rica; Lazaro Cardenas-Manzanillo Santiago submarines cable system (LCMSSCS) provides access to Michoacan, Guerrero, and Colima, Mexico; AMX-1 submarine cable system with access to Colombia, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Gulf of California Cable submarine cable systems that connects La Paz, Baja California Sur and Topolobambo, Sinaloa; and Aurora submarine cable system provides access to Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, and the U.S. satellite earth stations - 124 (36 Intelsat, 1 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 9 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations); linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections (2022)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, telecom reform in 2013 enabled the creation of new broadcast television channels after decades of a quasi-monopoly; Mexico has 885 TV stations and 1,841 radio stations and most are privately owned; the Televisa group once had a virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and foreign satellite and cable operators are now available; in 2016, Mexico became the first country in Latin America to complete the transition from analog to digital transmissions, allowing for better image and audio quality and a wider selection of programming from networks (2022), total: 92,831,582 (2020 est.
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