An argument is what when the premises and conclusions are related to each other in such a way that if the premises are true then it is impossible for the conclusion to be false? *If it's valid we should be able to PROVE it's valid. Act Utilitarianism: Depends on the situation. It is a form of cognitivism as it claims that moral language is used and aims to express beliefs about moral reality which can be true or false. Please allow a few minutes for this process to complete. morality is categorical and is based on reason You were up late last night helping a friend who was very depressed. mistake about our moral language. Lying makes this impossible as it deceives people. David Hume (20%) 18. Emotivism cannot account for moral progress (criticism of emotivism). VE has no decision making procedure for dealing with difficult cases. makes more people more happy than not. Surely if you claim there are moral values, as anti realists do, then these moral values need to exist in reality. 1) All duties take the form of imperatives (commands) Your own philosophy might match one of them, or take bits from two or more. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. b. Learning The Principle of Utility The view that an act is right if it produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number. The virtues of the rational part of the soul. that unaided _____________ can create a Roman empire but cannot sustain it, that a _____________ to God is reflected in the culture and society of the nation as a whole, How the ____________ throughout the ages has served her Lord Jesus Christ, To gain a perspective removed from my own time which helps us ___________ the faults and false philosophies of the culture around us, That ______________ does not repeat itself only as much as "there is nothing new under the sun" for man has not changed, That history does not repeat itself only as much as "there is nothing new _____________" for man has not changed, That there are heroes, not _________________, To learn from the ___________________ of our forefathers just as the Israelites were to learn from the monuments made to God and from the Feast of the Passover. Gain a better idea of your position on fundamental questions about the world with our new assessment, "Learn Your Philosophical Beliefs," which will walk you through the latest research on the relationship between people's philosophy and their psychological traits. 'lie', 'respect', 'courageous' have both meanings. They are not expressing a proposition that can be true or false. Prescriptivism (20%) 19. (criticism of emotivism). a. Aristotle b. But it can also be a vice, e.g. a. Utilitarianism is an example. That ____________ brings events to pass as he works out the salvation of his children. -Find great comfort 4. Looking at your answers, we have gathered that you are a person with high morals and people seem to think highly of you. Aristotle (100%)2. THEREFORE, moral judgements are not beliefs (against cognitivism). Each persons happiness is good to all persons, Mill's quote on higher and lower pleasures, 'it is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied, better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. 2) This diversity is best explained as a result of different cultures. Prescriptivism (40%) 11. Kant says we should only be motivated by our duties, but we are motivated also by things sch as love on kindness. You give the poisoned drink as a gift anyway. DOES THIS THREATEN THE ABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIALISM TO MAKE VERDICTS ABOUT OUR MORAL OBLIGATIONS. John Stuart Mill (85%) 4. Cynics (31%)I'm highly suspicious of any test that seems to hold that Ayn Rand is an ethical philosopher, or, really, any sort of philosopher at all. If one attempts to break into my home and harm my family if I kill them its not immoral of me. Some maxims aren't universalisable but aren't immoral eg always let others into the room first. A form of COGNITIVISM and MORAL REALISM. Hume's Fork (against moral realism) (against moral naturalism). Simulated killing would be morally bad if it gave us which on average create the greatest good for the You will receive your score and answers at the end. But that isnt reflected in the nuance of the answers to the test. Play this game to review Philosophy. Each virtue of character is the mid-point between two vices, a vice of excess and a vice of deficiency. 1) Moral judgements differ widely eg on homosexuality which is illegal in India and there is many varied opinions on it in the UK. Nel Noddings (67%)12. It stops you from being the person you want to be It ends your ability to be happy Second Formulation of the Categorical Imperative. 2022 ClassicalU.com. My results, shortly after completing Carolyn Mason's 200-level Ethics class: 1. Unfortunately, you can only do so by harming other people. That is maximizing the positives and reducing the negatives. Difficult to determine because many immoral acts are not addressed by the law. Punishment When do we retaliate against harms, and why? Take this test to see which moral philosophy you follow the most closely. Kant (60%) 6. The highest score, 100, represents the closest philosophical match to your reponses. WHAT IS CLUELESSNESS? Ockham (32%) 13. Those actions which we are responsible for because we choose them ie they are not forced. Lying is a deficiency of truth telling, so it is a vice. The only proof that an object is visible is if people actually see it has exceptions: E.g. (contradictions in the will), The issue of clashing duties (against Kant). They would all be "virtuous". What is good or bad You know the identity of someone who has committed a serious crime resulting in a person being badly injured. dignity/respect, which requires allowing them Jean-Paul Sartre (94%) 3. Second form of the categorical imperative: Always . False You might not consider yourself to be following a moral philosophy, but you are! simulated killing causes us to treat others without . There is a conflict between what is good for the individual and what is good for humanity (against VE). if we raise and slaughter our own pigs humanely. More philosophy views history in the light of this great truth. the fisherman who must lie to the Nazis to keep the Jews who are hidden on his boat safe). An action is wrong to the extent that it decreases the total happiness of the affected parties. Kant argues that no one should treat animals cruelly because it might damage our good will and make us become cruel to people as well. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun! Are you morally responsible for their injury? Moral Judgements only motivate people who have a desire to be moral. If humanity is truly hedonistic it will use the machine which simulates 100% happiness. they hoard food in a famine). 31 Cards - 1 Decks - 1 Learner . The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". Learn. Match. Study Moral Philosophy using smart web & mobile flashcards created by top students, teachers, and professors. Kant (100%) 2. 1) A good will is a will which wills to do what duty requires. Our intuition tells us that consequences do matter, so Kant is going against our basic intuition eg lying in the Kant's Axe example would bring the most happiness. >> This becomes circular. Thehorsewiththesllverymaneandwhitetallwaschosenbythephotographer. E.g. No one type of pleasure is better than another so it is measured based on intensity, duration, certainty, remoteness, richness ad purity. Jeremy Bentham (100%) 2. suffering and unhappiness) than not Moral principles originate in and express emotions or attitudes. Moral terms are SIMPLE PROPERTIES. Ockham (7%) Although to be honest, I'm still pretty undecided about meta-ethics, which seems strange to me. A duty based ethical system. suffer?' Take this test to see which moral philosophy you follow the most closely. Ayn Rand (27%) 15. b. commendation Saying 'Lying is wrong' means 'I disapprove of lying, now do so as well' and as result you also disapprove of lies. Do you know what your views on classic philosophical questions are? Contradiction in conception: It is not possible for 'Lie about x' to be a universal law because if everyone lied all the time, no one would believe what they were told and it wouldn't be possible to intend to deceive people by telling a falsehood. So lying is wrong. Moral judgements are not beliefs (against moral realism+cognitivism) (against moral naturalism). 2) Some duties apply only to those who will relevant ends. Factors in the rise of modern medical ethics. c. Metaethics. Don't act in a way which you could not accept anyone else acting, at the same time as you are. Moral Realism that there exist such things as moral facts and moral values, and that these are objective and independent of our perception of them or our beliefs, feelings or other attitudes towards them. Second form of the categorical imperative: Eating Others, e.g. And another Cantabrian at that! Instead of donating $10.00, you use the money to treat yourself to a cocktail after work. *Mills (Utilitarianism), Can rationalize and decide whether their actions are moral or not, Cannot decide whether their actions are morally right or wrong, the love of wisdom (the "mother" of science), Who said "The lover longs for that the lover lacks", Spurced science 3) The value of a good will is independent of consequences. bad traits of character. It allows the website owner to implement or change the website's content in real-time. Bentham's quantitative hedonistic utilitarianism. Plato (52%) 8. of their moral judgments are true. a. wisdom to work out when. If so, we shouldn't eat them - we'd use them as a means to an end. ***Like a spider web, *The study of goodness Aristotle (63%) 7. 4) Rational Action requires possessing the correct dispositions (virtues) to respond appropriately in any situation. 2. Utilitarianism Applied to Simulated Killing. Sign up for the latest information from ClassicalU! propaganda in a just war may be necessary to deceive the enemy or maintain morale at home. This domain of this cookie is owned by Vimeo. (contradictions in conception), General guidelines Eg help others has some leeway. Take this test to see which moral philosophy you follow the most closely. when the obligation is 'weak', failing to do what is obligated of you is still a Think you can pass the quiz? Cynics (0%). if we eat meat that is industrially produced with low welfare standards. Be based on logical reasoning Kantianism and Social Contract theory focus on the individual decision makers while Utilitarian theories focus on all affected parties. What do you do now? Ayer's Verification Principle (against moral realism) (against moral naturalism). Naturalism claims we can derive moral judgements from facts about the world (natural properties). Act only from moral rules that you can at the same time universalize. This cookie is used by the website's WordPress theme. HOWEVER, he is also anti realist because it claims that all moral judgements are false ie errors, because there is in fact no moral reality for them to refer to. E.g. Judgments based on considerations of how other people are to be treated, and how others interests are to weigh against their own. If a word should not be divided, write do not divide. Please confirm you want to block this member. So, even though beliefs do not motivate us alone, they with our moral judgements and moral judgements may be truths. In each of the following sentences, insert commas where necessary. The cookie is used to calculate visitor, session, campaign data and keep track of site usage for the site's analytics report. Aquinas (47%) 7. Stealing is wrong because the thief takes something that they do not deserve to have (so even the thief isn't made truly happy). Hey, check out this interesting 'Morality test' that we have created below. Aquinas (77%) 6. He has a family to support and cannot find a job. ANTI REALIST and COGNITIVIST. ', Nozick's Experience Machine (against util). Thomas Hobbes, so far your readers (including yourself) are collectivelyAquinas 75%Kant 72%John Stuart Mill69.2%Jeremy Bentham 66.8%Aristotle 63.6%St Augustine 58.2%Spinoza 56.2%Jean-Paul Sartre53.4%Plato 53%Ayn Rand 50.4%Prescriptivism 48.4%Ockham 43.8%Stoics 39.6%Epicureans 39.6%Nel Noddings 39.4%David Hume 34.2%Nietzsche 32.4%Cynics 31.4%Thomas Hobbes 27.4%, Hey- no wonder I tend to like your philosophy! Moral Language makes recommendations about how to act. Test. Quiz & Worksheet - Stoicism and Roman Moral Philosophy Quiz; Course; Try it risk-free for 30 days Instructions: Choose an answer and hit 'next'. Study Moral Philosophy using smart web & mobile flashcards created by top students, teachers, and professors. Universalize this! a. What was the relationship between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina? In these cases practical wisdom must be used to Therefore lying is wrong. Write the letter for the word that best completes each sentence. Intro to Moral Philosophy Can you name the Intro to Moral Philosophy? The categorical imperative is not the best test (against Kant). Suffering is the natural property and wrong is the moral property. which on average create the greatest good for the It sets a unique ID to embed videos to the website. wrongdoing, but not a serious one. animal rationality, especially in chimpanzees, Fist Formulation of the Categorical Imperative. There is little evidence that sim.killing makes normal people more violent but there are no studies of its effect on other vices. *If yes, Socrates (and Dr. Daniels) is (are) right, *A theory about morality that is still used today 2. 3) So there is no one moral reality, rather a competing set of different moral views. 'Horse' can be reduced and defined, whereas 'yellow' is indefinable. Moral Philosophy Quiz 1 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by jmartin17 Terms in this set (57) Myth Narrative story with a "profound" truth, handed down across generations because easy to remember. There are moral truths which can be discovered through reason. Match. 4) Therefore, there is no mind dependent reality. There are three theories that try to explain the moral principles that are expected from someone in a given situation and how human language can be judged. Results are being recorded. Attributes of God (Essential attributes), Attributes of God (Relational attributes). are false but ordinary people think that some For example, does it make a difference if you are helping ten people by harming one person rather than helping 100,000 people by harming 10,000 people? Introduction to concepts in moral philosophy. You are contacted by a refugee group that desperately needs somewhere to house a person seeking asylum who is being unjustly persecuted in a foreign country. killing in drama or computer games may be willed to be a universal law - there's no contradiction so it is morally permissible. Couldn't finish it. Stoics (32%) 18. Flashcards. They are associated with positions in society that everyone has a fair and equal opportunity to assume This wouldn't be as tiresome if we hadn't heard the same speech earlier this week. Flourishing or happiness. Do not steal unless it is vital to You can see a killing, but you cannot experience of the act (so it is not a matter of fact) and it is not a contradiction to deny that killing is wrong (so it is not a relation of ideas). *Circumstances are the only difference This cookie is used to a profile based on user's interest and display personalized ads to the users. Jean-Paul Sartre (62%) 5. ***Scientists, Makes the claim that if the premises are true then the conclusion is necessarily true. a. How does Prescriptivism avoid the problems faced by Emotivism? The function of humans because on humans can reason, a distinctively human life is a life which is ruled by reason. We should assess situations on the basis of whether the acts we are considering are compatible with moral rules which increase utility in the LONG RUN. No one is really killed in simulated killing in drama or games, so it is not vicious (bad) in itself. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. An unconditional command which applies to everyone regardless of their chosen ends eg don't steal. We reward people for Therefore, moral statements are meaningless. Im pretty happy with it even when I read the questions differently it just promoted Ockham and Kant a little but overall not much differenceand Nietzsche and Ayn Rand down the bottom group (athough I have some sympathy for Hume) and JB and JSM up the top. Eg a man's wife is terminally ill and in unimaginable pain, so he helps her to end her life. As for the "burning question", I think what really matters here is not necessarily the question of truth per se, but more the question of ideality. Which of the following commonly motivates people to be skeptical about morality? Prep for a quiz or learn for fun! Question 1 of 19. Test. preserve life (e.g. A situation arises where you can either save your own child from death or contact the emergency services in order to save the lives of ten other children. That is maximizing the positives and reducing the negatives. Kant ignores the value of certain motives (against Kant). Is it possible to prove moral value judgements? There are no universal moral norms of right and wrong, What's right or wrong depends on place and/or time, Good actions are aligned with the will of God & bad actions are contrary to the will of God, Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) a German philosopher, 1. 'Horse' is a complex property, whereas 'yellow' is a simple property and cannot be reduced any further. Or, honesty may clash with other virtues such as courage or compassion (e.g. but for the wrong reason eg a shopkeeper who gives customers the right change to gain a good reputation and in term increase profits. 1. 1) Facts are not motivating, eg 'Paris is the capital of France' does not make us act. Honesty or truth telling is a virtue - telling the truth It could be good if it taught a moral lesson in drama or was a release for dangerous emotions (e.g. less intelligent than a rat). St. Augustine (36%) 12. stealing. The cheating question is far too abstract, even if I could cheat, the option to never tell them to avoid screwing them up but leaving them to find someone new isn't there. Quiz was alright until the movie questions. St. Augustine (42%) 15. Are your moral obligations to people in your own country or community stronger than those to people in other countries and communities (assuming no unusual circumstances - for example, suffering because of famine - in either your own country/community or other countries/communities)? Achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Aristotle's account of virtues is circular (against VE). "If you want y, then do x." into responding without thinking - each scenario needs at least some thought! Surely speakers intend to make truth claims. You own an unoccupied property. John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, PCC Module 2: Basic Nursing Care Techniques. Aquinas (65%) 6. But their form (e.g. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. People are motivated to their duty because they want to be a morally good person which is HYPOTHETICAL. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. You are able to help some people. Thomas Hobbes (31%) 13. This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. All rights reserved | Privacy | Terms of Use. The only thing that is good in and of itself is pleasure; the only thing that is bad in and of itself is pain, *Refined Hedonism to make it intelligible to an ordinary person, The rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the consequences that flow from it, An action is morally right if it creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people affected by the action, A being with the capacity to experience pleasure and pain. The good is pleasure. How do they compare with those around you, and are they predicted by aspects of your psychology? How to have virtuous actions? True b. PHILOSOPHY - Problems Of Evil And Suffering . Central moral terms (good, bad, right, wrong) are only emotive (e.g. Kantianism Act 2.Utilitarianism These virtues aim at the good. Plato (35%) 15. Did you fall upon my site by accident?) Be a virtuous person False d. art. ***(our rational faculty is finite while His is infinite) RESPONSE: We just need to accept that moral judgements are not intrinsically motivating. David Hume (22%) 17. There can be conflicts between virtues (against VE). }}}Thehorsewiththesllverymaneandwhitetallwaschosenbythephotographer.. Terms in this set (37) What is it that the earliest cuniefrom laws all have in common? rational choices. Every argument must have at least one what? Adopted by Peter Singer, argues that we should seek always the good we would rationally prefer rather than simply our selfish desires or pleasure/happiness. Match. evidence that it has this effect on most people. See how your philosophical beliefs compare with the world, 2018 ClearerThinking.org - created by. Flashcards. There is no strong The only proof that sound is audible is if people actually hear it Cynics (20%) 17. Say nothing; your job is to be supportive and participate in your friend's happiness. If the modifier is incorrect, write the correct form of the modifier above it. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Spinoza (38%) 11. It does not store any personal data. Act Utilitarianism: We should simulate killing only if it creates more happiness for more people than the alternatives. b. the categorical imperative. Mr. Wilson,{\color{#c34632}\text{,}}, would you initial my schedule change,{\color{#c34632}\text{,}}, please? To play this quiz, please finish editing it. mistake about our moral language. b. physics. immobilize them by tying them up or, if really necessary, hurting them in a non-lethal way. Your own philosophy might match one of them, or take bits from two or more. Anscombe claims that it is not profitable to do moral philosophy until we have an adequate philosophy of: a. religion. "Black and white" - Fairly clear and straight forward, most people feel the same way about: stealing, murder, honesty, charity. Spinoza (44%) 12. Stoics (43%)18. A branch of philosophy concerned with ways of thinking philosophically about morality, and moral judgment. These dictate our decisions. dolphins, many other mammals, and some birds. This cookie is used for load balancing, inorder to optimize the service. When the moral obligation Human conduct and character referring to "those acts which it makes sense to describe as right or wrong, good or bad.". (If your comment is too long, first try breaking it into two parts.). b. Normative ethics. a. Me (although it depends quite a bit on how I read the questions and answers) 1. Moral Philosophy Flashcard Maker: Lance Williamson So. Interested in the philosophical status of moral judgements generally by asking questions such as 'Can moral statements be true or false?'. means you must do that thing in order to behave morally. Secondly, the HC is time consuming and complicating, which makes it difficult to apply consistently. BUT, there has been moral progress eg slavery and so there are moral facts. For example, just believing you have crisps in the cupboard is not enough to make you get up and eat them, you also need the desire to eat them. This cookie is associated with Amazon Web Services and is used for managing sticky sessions across production servers. Christianity: Migration and Religious Pluralism. Absolute prohibitions eg don't lie has no exceptions. Can you please not rely on pop culture references? *What does it mean to do the right thing? Are all illegal acts immoral? Play. Nietzsche (7%) DP,What is disturbing is that you seem to agree 80% with her! Now if only everyone else would just agree 1. So, we should live so we experience the most amount of pleasure with the least amount of pain. When he himself took the final version of the test, he scored a 61 out of 63or, "You might be Peter Singer . also a vice (e.g. There is no straight way that you can judge someone as being good or evil as we all have our version of what is okay and not okay. Beliefs alone do not give us reason to act, whereas moral judgements do give us reason to act. catharsis). Hence you can not start it again. In each Example 1. The word or phrase that you choose must express roughly the same meaning as the italicized word in the passage. Plato (30%) 14. not analytic). I took Carolyn's course last year, it was easily one of my favourites. If all attempts at moral argument are simply disguised emotion then: 1) Emotivism seems to leave no place for reasoning in moral disputes and 2) What counts as a successful argument for the emotivist is simply one that is effective, not one that is rationally compelling. c. a social contract. Kant (45%) 14. stating truths. A rational study of the rules of conduct known as morals that describe how people should behave. ***Philosophers. Bentham takes it as a self evident fact that humans are governed by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. Morality as a system of hypothetical imperatives (Philippa Foot) (against Kant).
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